In the United States,  female political participants are under-represented in the media. A study by Andrich and Domahidi reveals that women in high-ranking political offices are not equally presented by the media in the USA as their male peers (2023, 1). For example, women senators are referred to less frequently in the press headlines (13%of the time) than their male peers (16% of the time).  Likewise, women senators are cited less than their male peers. That is, direct quotes of female senators usually constitute about half of a paragraph in an article, while those of male senators constitute three-quarters of a paragraph (Fridkin & Kenney 2014, 86-87).

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Supporting Democracy Worldwide gives a

a comprehensive summary of how women are underrepresented and how it demotivates them from politically participating.

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It is a summary of a study conducted on the impact of media sexism on women's political ambition which helps in argument formulation and gaining an international perspective.